PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SISTEM TATA SURYA BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY PADA PLATFORM ANDROID UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

ABSTRACT
This research was motivated by elementary school students' low understanding of the solar system due to conventional teaching methods that primarily rely on lectures and textbooks, making abstract concepts difficult to comprehend. This study aimed to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media for the solar system topic and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness in improving students' understanding. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) model, which consists of six stages: concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The resulting product was an Android-based application called Planetku, featuring interactive learning materials, markerless Augmented Reality-based 3D object visualization, mini-games, and quizzes. The research subjects consisted of 32 sixth-grade students at SD Negeri 08 Jakarta. Data were collected through observations, documentation, expert validation, the USE Questionnaire, and pre-test and post-test assessments, which were analyzed using the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) method. The results showed that the application obtained a 95% score from the material expert validation, indicating that it was highly feasible for use as a learning medium. Furthermore, the average pre-test score increased from 46.22 to 88.67 in the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.79, which falls into the high category. These findings indicate that the Planetku application is feasible as an interactive learning medium and effective in improving students' understanding of the solar system.
Keywords: Augmented Reality, Learning Media, MDLC, Solar System, Student Understanding.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemahaman siswa sekolah dasar terhadap materi sistem tata surya karena proses pembelajaran masih didominasi oleh metode ceramah dan penggunaan buku paket sehingga konsep-konsep abstrak sulit dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) pada materi sistem tata surya serta mengetahui tingkat kelayakan dan efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) yang terdiri atas tahap concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, dan distribution. Produk yang dihasilkan berupa aplikasi Android Planetku yang dilengkapi dengan fitur pembelajaran interaktif, visualisasi objek 3D berbasis markerless Augmented Reality, mini game, dan kuis. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 32 siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 08 Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, validasi ahli materi, USE Questionnaire, serta pre-test dan post-test yang dianalisis menggunakan metode Normalized Gain (N-Gain). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi memperoleh nilai validasi ahli materi sebesar 95% dengan kategori Sangat Layak. Hasil uji pemahaman menunjukkan rata-rata nilai pre-test sebesar 46,22 meningkat menjadi 88,67 pada post-test dengan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,79 yang termasuk kategori tinggi. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Planetku layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dan efektif meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi sistem tata surya.
Kata Kunci: Augmented Reality, media pembelajaran, MLDC, Pemahaman Siswa, Sistem Tata Surya.