IDENTIFIKASI PENYEBAB DEFECT PADA PROSES PEMOTONGAN AKRILIK MENGGUNAKAN LASER CUTTING MESIN FL-1310 DENGAN METODE FISHBONE

Acrylic is a material widely used in the printing, advertising, and display product
manufacturing industries. However, the cutting process using the FL-1310 laser
cutting machine at PT Inti Prima Karya frequently results in defects such as burn
marks, incomplete cuts, rough edges, and distortion, which compromise product
quality and increase waste. This final project aims to identify the types and causes
of these defects and to formulate improvement proposals to ensure that the quality
of 2 mm thick acrylic cuts meets established standards. Data collection was
conducted through observation, operator interviews, literature review, and
documentation during a five-month industrial internship; the data were then
identification using the Fishbone Diagram method based on five factors: Man,
Machine, Method, Material, and Environment. The identification results indicate
that the Machine and Method factors are the primary causes of defects specifically,
a dirty nozzle, unstable laser focus, suboptimal air assist, and power and cutting
speed settings that do not meet quality standards for the specific acrylic thickness.
The Man, Material, and Environment factors also contribute to the occurrence of
defects. Based on these findings, proposed improvements include the
implementation of standard operating parameters, regular preventive maintenance,
enhanced operator training, and improvements to the work environment to
minimize defects and increase production efficiency and quality.
Keywords: defects, laser cutting, acrylic, fishbone diagram, production quality.
Akrilik merupakan material yang banyak digunakan dalam industri percetakan,
periklanan, dan pembuatan display. Namun proses pemotongannya menggunakan
mesin laser cutting FL-1310 di PT Inti Prima Karya masih sering menghasilkan
defect berupa tepian gosong (burn marks), potongan tidak tembus (incomplete cut),
tepian kasar (rough edge), dan distorsi yang menurunkan kualitas produk serta
meningkatkan jumlah waste. Tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan
faktor penyebab defect tersebut, serta merumuskan usulan perbaikan agar kualitas
hasil pemotongan akrilik 2 mm memenuhi standar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan
melalui observasi, wawancara dengan operator, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi
selama lima bulan praktik industri, kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan metode
Fishbone Diagram berdasarkan lima faktor, yaitu Man, Machine, Method, Material,
dan Environment. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa faktor Machine dan
Method merupakan faktor paling sering muncul terjadinya defect, terutama kondisi
nozzle yang kotor, fokus laser yang tidak stabil, air assist yang kurang optimal,
serta pengaturan power dan cutting speed yang belum sesuai standar kualitas untuk
setiap ketebalan akrilik. Faktor Man, Material, dan Environment turut berperan
sebagai pendukung munculnya defect. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, diusulkan
perbaikan berupa penerapan standar parameter kerja, preventive maintenance
mesin secara berkala, peningkatan pelatihan operator, dan perbaikan kondisi
lingkungan kerja untuk meminimalkan defect serta meningkatkan efisiensi dan
kualitas produksi.
Kata Kunci: defect, laser cutting, akrilik, fishbone diagram, kualitas produksi.