PERBANDINGAN PROTOTIPE KEMASAN PRODUK BERBASIS FILAMENT PASARAN DAN FILAMENT TKKS DENGAN TEKNOLOGI CETAK 3D

ABSTRAK
Kemasan merupakan elemen penting dalam industri modern, tidak hanya sebagai
pelindung fisik produk, tetapi juga berkontribusi terhadap keberlanjutan
lingkungan. Dominasi plastik sintetis sebagai bahan utama kemasan menimbulkan
permasalahan karena sifatnya yang sulit terurai. Penelitian ini bertujuan
membandingkan sifat material PLA murni dengan PLA yang diperkuat serat
Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai alternatif kemasan ramah
lingkungan. Filamen PLA+TKKS diformulasikan dalam variasi 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%,
dan 10% menggunakan metode ekstrusi suhu bertingkat. Karakterisasi meliputi uji
tarik menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM) untuk mengetahui kuat tarik
dan elongasi maksimum, pengamatan morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM), serta uji biodegradasi menggunakan metode soil
burial selama 9 hari dan perendaman dalam larutan EM4. Hasil menunjukkan
bahwa filamen 4% TKKS memberikan kekuatan tarik optimum (7,742 N),
morfologi cukup seragam meskipun belum sepenuhnya homogen, dan laju
biodegradasi tertinggi (1,76%) dibanding PLA murni dan filamen komersial
(<0,8%). Prototipe kemasan berhasil dicetak menggunakan enam jenis filamen
komersial untuk mengoptimalkan parameter pencetakan. Hasil ini menunjukkan
bahwa integrasi serat TKKS dalam PLA berpotensi mendukung pengembangan
kemasan berkelanjutan berbasis biokomposit dan teknologi cetak 3D.
Kata Kunci: Kemasan, Biokomposit, TKKS, 3D Printing, Filament, PLA, Prototipe,
Biodegradasi.

ABSTRACT
Packaging plays a crucial role in modern industry, not only as physical protection
for products but also in supporting environmental sustainability. The dominance of
synthetic plastics as the primary packaging material poses environmental problems
due to their non-degradable nature. This study aims to compare the properties of
pure PLA with PLA reinforced by Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibers as a sustainable
packaging alternative. PLA+EFB filaments were formulated with 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%,
and 10% fiber content using a multi-zone temperature extrusion method.
Characterization included tensile testing using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
to measure tensile strength and maximum elongation, surface morphology analysis
using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and biodegradation tests using a 9-
day soil burial method and EM4 solution immersion. Results showed that the
filament with 4% EFB had optimal tensile strength (7.742 N), a relatively uniform
but not fully homogeneous morphology, and the fastest degradation rate (1.76%)
compared to pure PLA and commercial filaments (<0.8%). A packaging prototype
was successfully printed using six different commercial filaments to optimize the
printing parameters. These findings suggest that integrating EFB fibers into PLA
is a promising strategy for developing sustainable packaging through biocomposite
materials and 3D printing technology.
Keywords: Packaging, Biocomposite, EFB, 3D Printing, Filament, PLA, Prototype,
Biodegradability.