ANALISIS KETAHANAN PANAS DAN KEKERASAN BAHAN BAKU KEMASAN BERBASIS BIOKOMPOSIT

ABSTRAK

Biocomposite-based packaging raw materials analyzed the thermal characteristics and functional groups of biocomposite raw materials from TKKS and PLA plastic seeds. The research was conducted using laboratory experimental methods involving the extrusion process and material testing, namely hardness testing (Shore D), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis). The research results showed that the addition of 2% TKKS resulted in the highest hardness value of 43.8 Shore D. Meanwhile, the hardness value significantly decreased at higher TKKS compositions due to fiber agglomeration. FTIR results showed the presence of chemical interaction between the functional groups of PLA and TKKS, while TGA results indicated that all compositions exhibited good thermal resistance, with the main degradation temperature above 400°C. This study proves that PLA+TKKS composites have the potential to be used as a raw material for biodegradable packaging that is hard, thermally stable, and environmentally friendly.
Keywords: Biocomposites, Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EPOB), PLA, Hardness, Thermal Resistance

Bahan baku kemasan berbasis biokomposit menganalisis karakteristik termal dan gugus fungsi dari bahan baku biokomposit TKKS dan biji plastik PLA. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen laboratorium yang melibatkan proses ekstrusi dan pengujian material, yaitu uji kekerasan (Shore D), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), dan TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 2% TKKS menghasilkan nilai kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 43,8 Shore D. Sementara itu, nilai kekerasan menurun signifikan pada komposisi TKKS yang lebih tinggi akibat aglomerasi serat. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan adanya interaksi kimia antara gugus fungsi PLA dan TKKS, sedangkan hasil TGA menunjukkan bahwa semua komposisi memiliki ketahanan termal yang baik, dengan suhu degradasi utama berada di atas 400°C. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa komposit PLA+TKKS berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku kemasan biodegradable yang keras, stabil secara termal, dan ramah lingkungan.
Kata kunci: Biokomposit, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), PLA, Kekerasan, Ketahanan Termal