ANALISIS PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MATERIAL AFVAL TERHADAP KUALITAS KEMASAN BOTOL POLIVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) DI MESIN EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING

This study aims to analyze the effect of waste material (afval) composition on the quality of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) bottle packaging produced using an extrusion blow molding machine. The research was conducted at a bottle packaging manufacturing company in Bogor Regency, West Java, from January to March 2025. A quantitative approach was applied using linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between the independent variable (afval composition) and the dependent variable (number of black spots on the packaging). A total of 300 bottle samples were tested, consisting of six variations in material composition, with 50 samples each, based on the Military Standard 105E sampling method. Data were collected through observation, literature review, focus group discussions, experimentation, and documentation. The results show that the use of afval affects the visual quality of the product; however, a composition of up to 30% is still acceptable within the company’s quality standards. Moreover, the use of afval contributes to a 0.86% reduction in production costs and supports environmental sustainability through material recycling. The application of Statistical Process Control (SPC) and the Seven Tools of Quality Control proved effective in monitoring process variation and supporting systematic quality control efforts.
Keywords: afval, PVC packaging, extrusion blow molding, black spots, SPC.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh komposisi material afval terhadap kualitas kemasan botol PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) yang diproduksi menggunakan mesin extrusion blow molding. Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu perusahaan manufaktur kemasan botol di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat, selama periode Januari hingga Maret 2025. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linear untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel bebas (komposisi afval) dan variabel terikat (jumlah bintik hitam pada kemasan). Sebanyak 300 sampel botol diuji, terdiri dari enam variasi komposisi material dengan masing-masing 50 sampel, berdasarkan metode pengambilan sampel Military Standard 105E. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, studi literatur, diskusi kelompok (FGD), eksperimen, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan material afval berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kualitas visual produk, namun komposisi hingga 30% masih dapat ditoleransi sesuai standar mutu perusahaan. Selain itu, penggunaan afval mampu menekan biaya produksi sebesar 0,86% dan mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan melalui daur ulang material. Penerapan metode Statistical Process Control (SPC) dan Seven Tools of Quality Control terbukti efektif dalam memantau variasi proses produksi serta mendukung pengendalian mutu secara sistematis.
Kata Kunci: afval, kemasan PVC, extrusion blow molding, bintik hitam, SPC.