ANALISIS TEKNIK OPTIMASI LEVEL OF DETAIL TERHADAP PERFORMA RENDERING GAME “GALATAMA”

Low-poly 3D games with dense scenes suffer performance drops due to draw call accumulation and geometry processing loads. Unity 6.2 offers a built-in LOD system, but quantitative data on its effectiveness in low-poly games remains scarce. This study measures LOD's impact on "Galatama," a Unity-based marine conservation simulation game. A comparative experiment (LOD ON vs. OFF) was conducted using a scene with 6,095 objects, 460 LODGroups, 1,287 meshes, and 4,443 Terrain trees. Tests ran on a standalone build (Intel i7-13620H, RTX 4060, 16GB RAM) across three 210-second runs, each preceded by a full OS restart. Performance metrics (FPS, CPU/GPU time, draw calls, memory) were recorded per second via a custom ProfilerRecorder-based C# script. Results show LOD ON raised FPS from 161.41 to 175.90 (+8.98%). CPU time dropped 8.36% (6.389 ms to 5.855 ms by a margin of -0,5340) and GPU time dropped 8.87% (5.360 ms to 4.885 ms by a margin of -0,4757 ). Draw calls saw only a slight 1.24% decrease, attributed to interactions with GPU Instancing and Terrain Billboard systems, while memory usage unexpectedly rose 1.32% because all LOD meshes preloaded at initialization. The study concludes that in this low-poly Unity context, LOD functions primarily as a per-frame CPU/GPU load reducer rather than a draw call or memory optimization technique. These findings offer a practical reference for indie developers.

Keywords: Level of Detail (LOD), rendering Optimization, Game Performance, Low-Poly Graphics, Comparative Experiment.

Game 3D low-poly dengan banyak objek rawan penurunan performa rendering akibat akumulasi draw calls dan beban geometri. Unity 6.2 menyediakan LOD, namun data kuantitatif efektivitasnya pada game low-poly masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mengukur pengaruh LOD terhadap performa "Galatama", game simulasi konservasi laut berbasis Unity 6.2. Metode eksperimental komparatif dengan kondisi LOD ON dan OFF digunakan. Skena uji memuat 6.095 objek, 460 LODGroup, 1.287 mesh, dan 4.443 pohon Terrain. Pengujian pada standalone build (Intel i7-13620H, RTX 4060, RAM 16GB) dilakukan tiga kali Run masing-masing 210 detik, diawali restart OS. Data FPS, CPU/GPU time, draw calls, dan memori direkam otomatis per-detik via script C# berbasis ProfilerRecorder. Hasilnya, LOD ON meningkatkan FPS dari 161,41 menjadi 175,90 (+8,98%). CPU time turun 8,36% (6,389 ms ke 5,855 ms dengan selisih -0,5340) dan GPU time turun 8,87% (5,360 ms ke 4,885 ms dengan selisih -0,4757). Draw calls hanya turun 1,24% karena interaksi LOD dengan GPU Instancing dan sistem Billboard Terrain, sementara memori justru naik 1,32% akibat pemuatan seluruh mesh LOD di awal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pada game low-poly Unity, LOD lebih berfungsi sebagai peredam beban CPU/GPU per-frame daripada teknik pengurangan draw calls atau penghematan memori. Hasil ini dapat menjadi acuan praktis bagi pengembang indie.

Kata Kunci: Level of Detail (LOD), Optimasi rendering, Performa Game, Grafis Low-Poly, Eksperimental Komparatif.