PENERAPAN PRINSIP SINGLE RESPONSIBILITY DALAM PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR GAME “BLUE WAIL” YANG SKALABEL DAN MUDAH DIPELIHARA

Modern game development integrates multiple subsystems—movement, visual effects, audio, and UI—that can become complex and hard to maintain without proper software architecture. A common problem is a single class handling multiple unrelated responsibilities, resulting in tightly coupled code that is difficult to extend, test, and debug. This study applies the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP), part of the SOLID design principles, to restructure the software architecture of the game "Blue Wail," developed with Unity Engine and C#. Using an Action Research approach combined with a refactoring-based case study, classes violating SRP were identified, redesigned, and decomposed into smaller, single-purpose components. Evaluation employed three qualitative techniques: heuristic evaluation based on SRP compliance criteria, scenario-based evaluation measuring the structural impact of feature changes before and after refactoring, and expert validation through semi-structured interviews used to validate the researcher's self-assessment. Results show that applying SRP reduces the number of files affected by a single change, isolates modification impact to relevant modules, and enables new features to be added without altering existing code, supporting maintainability and scalability.
Keywords: Game Development, Software Architecture, SOLID, Single Responsibility Principle, Refactoring, Unity

Pengembangan game modern melibatkan berbagai subsistem terintegrasi seperti pergerakan kapal, efek visual, audio, dan antarmuka pengguna, yang berpotensi menghasilkan kode kompleks dan sulit dipelihara tanpa arsitektur perangkat lunak yang tepat. Permasalahan umum adalah satu kelas menangani beberapa tanggung jawab tidak berkaitan, menghasilkan kode tightly coupled yang sulit dikembangkan, diuji, dan di-debug. Penelitian ini menerapkan Single Responsibility Principle (SRP), bagian dari prinsip SOLID, untuk merestrukturisasi arsitektur perangkat lunak game "Blue Wail" yang dikembangkan menggunakan Unity Engine dan C#. Menggunakan pendekatan Action Research dikombinasikan dengan studi kasus berbasis refactoring, kelas-kelas yang melanggar SRP diidentifikasi, dirancang ulang, dan direfactor menjadi komponen lebih kecil dengan tanggung jawab spesifik. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui tiga teknik kualitatif: heuristic evaluation berdasarkan kriteria kepatuhan SRP, scenario-based evaluation yang mengukur dampak struktural perubahan fitur sebelum dan sesudah refactoring, serta validasi ahli melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur untuk memvalidasi penilaian mandiri peneliti. Hasil menunjukkan penerapan SRP mengurangi jumlah berkas terdampak akibat satu perubahan, mengisolasi dampak modifikasi pada modul relevan, dan memungkinkan penambahan fitur baru tanpa mengubah kode yang sudah ada, mendukung maintainability dan scalability.
Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Game, Arsitektur Perangkat Lunak, SOLID, Single Responsibility Principle, Refactoring, Unity